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    Published January 8, 2025. This post may contain affiliate links. Please read my disclosure policy.

    This delicious classic French Bechamel is a creamy thick sauce with savory flavors perfect for sauces and pasta dishes. If you want to get into cooking, this is a must-know-how for making sauce.

    This is one of the most foundational sauce recipes of all time. It’s essential for cooking and has incredible flavor when made correctly. Whether using it in a classic lasagna bolognese recipe or a Kentucky hot brown sandwich, you will love it.

    a spoon dipped in bechamel sauce

    Bechamel

    Bechamel is a simple French white sauce consisting of milk thickened with roux. In addition, it is commonly seasoned with bay leaves, nutmeg, onion, cloves, salt, and ground white pepper. It is one of the five mother sauces, along with tomate, hollandaise, veloute, and espagnole.

    The thickness of the sauce will ultimately depend on how much roux is used and how thick or thin you would like it. You can serve it as it is in sandwiches like the croque madame. Bechamel is also the base for other sauces like mornay, soubise, Nantua, and the cheese sauce in mac and cheese, among many others. However, this is not used in a classic Alfredo sauce, which only has butter and Parmigiano.

    History of Bechamel

    The sauce was created in the 1600s and formally named after Louis de Béchamel, the steward for Luis XIV in France. However, there is some discrepancy with that story as Tuscany Italy claims it was founded by Caterina di Medici’s chefs in the early 16th century when it was called salsa colla.

    Ingredients and Substitutions

    • Flour – All-purpose or bread flour can be used in the sauce. This is used to make the roux.
    • Butter – I always use unsalted butter in my cooking and baking to control the sodium content. You could also use ghee or clarified butter as a substitute.
    • Milk – Whole milk is best to use for maximum flavor. However, 1%, 2%, or skim milk may also be used. If you want this to be over the top, then half-and-half or heavy whipping cream can be substituted.
    • Onion – A fresh white, yellow, or sweet onion can be used.
    • Bay Leaf – A fresh or dry bay leaf will work in this sauce.
    • Clove – The whole clove is best, but the ground is a suitable substitute.
    • Nutmeg – I prefer to grate the whole nutmeg finely, but pre-ground works just as well.
    • Seasoning – Coarse salt and ground white pepper is best. I go with ground white pepper to help keep the bechamel a consistent color without any large black or other colored peppercorn chunks.

    How to Make Bechamel

    Start by scalding the milk over low heat in a medium pot. This usually takes around 6 to 8 minutes. Next, add the roux to the scalded milk.

    scaling milk in a pot and adding in roux

    Whisk in the roux until it is completely smooth and mixed in, and bring to a boil to thicken. It should coat the back of a spoon easily, and if you run your finger through the sauce, the top part of the sauce should not creep through the part where you ran your finger. This consistency is called nappe. Turn the heat down to low.

    whisking a white sauce and coating a spoon for nappe

    Next, cut a small slit into ¼ of an onion about 1 inch wide and a 1/2 inch deep and jam a bay leaf into it. Then, press a clove into the onion.

    adding a bay leaf to an onion

    Place the onion into the sauce and cook for 15 minutes to infuse the flavor. This cooking time will also help to remove any floury-starchy flavors. Next, add in some freshly grated nutmeg or already pre-ground.

    adding onion and fresh nutmeg to the white sauce

    Season with coarse salt and ground white pepper to taste. Remove the bechamel and then strain through a fine-mesh strainer or cheesecloth.

    seasoning the white sauce and straining it

    Use or store the bechamel sauce.

    bechamel in a pot

    Make-Ahead and Storage

    Make-Ahead: For freshness, you can make this sauce up to 2 days before.

    How to Store: Keep it covered in the refrigerator for up to 4 days. Cover and freeze the bechamel for up to 3 months. Thaw it in the fridge for one day before reheating.

    How to Reheat: Place your desired amount into a small saucepan and whisk over low heat until thick. If the sauce separates, add 1 to 2 more tablespoons of roux or slurry to rethicken it. Adjust the seasonings and serve.

    Chef Billy Parisi

    Chef notes + tips

    • You’ll know the milk is scalded if you tilt the pan back to yourself and see bubbles clinging to the bottom of the pan but not sticking to it.
    • If the sauce gets too thick when making it or reheating it, add a 1/4 cup of hot milk until it is to a thinner consistency.
    • You must wait for the sauce to boil after mixing it in the roux to thicken. Otherwise, it will remain on the thinner side. Boiling activates the roux thickening agent.
    • It’s essential to watch this sauce closely as it can stick and burn very quickly.

    Recipes to Use It In

    Let's Cook - Chef Billy Parisi

    Bechamel Sauce Recipe

    5 from 7 votes
    This delicious classic French Bechamel is a creamy thick sauce with savory flavors that's perfect for sauces and pasta dishes.
    Servings: 4 cups
    Prep Time: 5 minutes
    Cook Time: 20 minutes

    Ingredients 

    • 4 cups of whole milk
    • 1 roux recipe
    • ¼ peeled onion
    • 1 bay leaf
    • 1 clove
    • Pinch of ground nutmeg
    • coarse salt and ground white pepper to taste

    Instructions

    • Add the milk to a medium-size saucepot over low heat until it scalds. See notes.
    • Whisk in the roux until it is completely mixed in and smooth and bring just to a boil over hight heat to thicken, and then turn the heat back down to low.
    • Next, make a 1” slit into the top of the onion and push the bay leaf into the slice and press the clove into the onion as well, then place the entire thing right into the bechamel sauce, and cook for 15 minutes to infuse the flavor.
    • Add nutmeg, salt, and pepper and mix with a spoon.
    • Strain the sauce through a fine-mesh strainer like a chinois or some cheesecloth in a regular strainer. The sauce should be silky smooth.
    • Serve or store the sauce.

    Notes

    Make-Ahead: For freshness, you can make this sauce up to 2 days before.
    How to Store: Keep it covered in the refrigerator for up to 4 days. Cover and freeze the bechamel for up to 3 months. Thaw it in the fridge for one day before reheating.
    How to Reheat: Place your desired amount into a small saucepan and whisk over low heat until thick. If the sauce separates, add 1 to 2 more tablespoons of roux or slurry to rethicken it. Adjust the seasonings and serve.
    You’ll know the milk is scalded if you tilt the pan back to yourself and see bubbles clinging to the bottom of the pan but not sticking to it.
    If the sauce gets too thick when making it or reheating it, add a 1/4 cup of hot milk until it is to a thinner consistency.
    You must wait for the sauce to boil after mixing it in the roux to thicken. Otherwise, it will remain on the thinner side. Boiling activates the roux thickening agent.
    It’s essential to watch this sauce closely as it can stick and burn very quickly.

    Nutrition

    Calories: 151kcalCarbohydrates: 12gProtein: 8gFat: 8gSaturated Fat: 5gPolyunsaturated Fat: 0.3gMonounsaturated Fat: 2gTrans Fat: 0.01gCholesterol: 30mgSodium: 95mgPotassium: 377mgFiber: 0.1gSugar: 12gVitamin A: 403IUVitamin C: 1mgCalcium: 302mgIron: 0.03mg
    Course: sauce
    Cuisine: French

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